TOPIC 1
WHAT IS MICROORGANISM
The microorganism term is used instead of microbes; they are
very small organisms size belonging to various groups: Bacteria, Fungi,Protozoa,
one can add Viruses,
characterized by their noncellular structure. Microorganisms were observed for
the first time in 1674 by Van Leeuwenhoek but they are only identified 200
years later.
Although those organisms are incredibly small (their size ranges from 0.03 µm for the virus of the foot-and-mouth disease to 300 µm for Paramecium), they play a significant role to keep the planet running. Indeed, they carry out 90% of the biochemical reactions produced on earth, without them the life on earth would be destroyed.
The micro-organisms are probably the first alive beings appeared on ground, they would be thus the common ancestors of all the living being. Although microorganisms appeared 3.8 billion years ago, they are observed by Pasteur and koch through their microscope way after their apparition. Pasteur delivered the fatal blow to the doctrine of spontaneous generation thanks to his examination and Koch discovered revealed the existence of bacilla at the origin of tuberculosis. Those discoveries changed radically the perception of the human beings on the world
Although those organisms are incredibly small (their size ranges from 0.03 µm for the virus of the foot-and-mouth disease to 300 µm for Paramecium), they play a significant role to keep the planet running. Indeed, they carry out 90% of the biochemical reactions produced on earth, without them the life on earth would be destroyed.
The micro-organisms are probably the first alive beings appeared on ground, they would be thus the common ancestors of all the living being. Although microorganisms appeared 3.8 billion years ago, they are observed by Pasteur and koch through their microscope way after their apparition. Pasteur delivered the fatal blow to the doctrine of spontaneous generation thanks to his examination and Koch discovered revealed the existence of bacilla at the origin of tuberculosis. Those discoveries changed radically the perception of the human beings on the world
MICROORGANISM
MICROORGANISM - HABITATS AND ECOLOGY
Microorganisms are found everywhere in nature. Even in
hostile environments, like the poles, deserts, geysers, rocks, and the deep
sea, some types of microorganisms have adapted to the extreme conditions and
sustained colonies; these organisms are known as extremophiles. Some
extremophiles have been known to survive for a prolonged time in a vacuum, and
some can be unusually resistant to radiation. Microorganisms are used in
brewing, baking, biotechnology, recycling of other organisms' remains and waste
products, and many other processes. They can also be harmful as pathogens when,
as parasites, they cause infections.
Microorganisms have an important place in all ecosystems and
in most higher-order multicellular organisms. For mankind they are important
because they participate in the earth's element cycles (such as the Carbon
cycle), and because of their use in the creation of certain types of food,
medicines and biological weapons.
TYPES OF MICRORGANISM
Yeast
Yeasts constitute a group of single-celled (unicellular)
fungi, a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread, ferment
alcoholic beverages, and even drive experimental fuel cells.
Protozoa
Protozoa are single-celled eukaryote (organisms whose cells
have nuclei) that commonly show characteristics usually associated with
animals, most notably mobility and hetero trophy. Protozoa have traditionally
been divided on the basis of locomotion. Most protozoans’ are too small to be
seen with the naked eye - most are around 0.01-0.05 mm, although forms up to
0.5 mm are still fairly common - but can easily be found under a microscope.
PROTOZOA
FUNGI
MEASUREMENT USED TO IDENTIFY MICROORGANISM
THE
MICROORGANISM ROLE IN MEDICINE
MICROORGANISM ROLE IN HUMAN DIGESTION
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